Modifications to the surfaces of metal films are a key aspect of their stability, durability and environmental impact, but they also directly affect their appearance and color. The colors of treated ...

The question often asked is, “what is meant by ‘oxidising environment’?” In fact the titanium oxide film is self supporting and self healing not only in oxidising environments, but also in neutral and ...

What are Metal Oxide Nanoparticles? Metal oxide nanoparticles are a class of nanomaterials composed of metal cations bonded to oxygen anions, with particle sizes ranging from 1 to 100 nanometers.

ALUMINIUM was once more costly than gold. Napoleon III, emperor of France, reserved cutlery made from it for his most favoured guests, and the Washington monument, in America’s capital, was capped ...